Why are the Soviets conducting a long-range strategic nuclear modernization program?

The rationale behind the Soviets conducting a long-range strategic nuclear modernization program lies in the need to comply with expected future strategic arms reduction treaty constraints. This reflects an understanding of the shifting geopolitical landscape and the significance of strategic stability in the context of arms control agreements. By modernizing their nuclear arsenal, the Soviets aimed to ensure that they retained a credible deterrent while also fostering an environment where they could participate in arms reduction dialogues effectively.

This approach enables a nation to maintain deterrence while adhering to international agreements. It indicates a strategic foresight whereby modernization becomes necessary not only as a means of maintaining military effectiveness but also as a way to demonstrate compliance with international norms that could influence future treaty negotiations.